TY  - JOUR
A1  - ,  
T1  - New proposed classification ofretromandibular vein root variants based on cadaver dissections andreview of literature â?? Clinicalimplications
JO  - Eur. J. Anat.
SN  - 1136-4890
Y1  - 2020
VL  - 24
SP  - 79
EP  - 87
UR  - http://www.eurjanat.com/web/paper.php?id=190410ss
KW  - Retromandibular vein â?? External jugu-lar vein â?? Common facial vein â?? Venous variants â?? Variant classification
N2  - Typically the retro-mandibular vein contributes to formation of common facial and external jugular veins, via its anterior and posterior divisions re-spectively. However, cervico-facial venous variants are rather common. In two successive cadaver dissections the left side of head and neck were unviewable, but the right cervico-facial veins were visible. In both cadavers the right retro-mandibular vein was undivided. The first specimen had right external jugular vein draining into the right subcla-vian vein but did not have a right common facial vein. The second specimen did not have a right external jugular vein, but had a right common faci-al vein draining into the right internal jugular vein.The first variant was characterized as Posterior Dominant Retromandibular Vein with no Common Facial Vein. The second variant was characterized as Anterior Dominant Retromandibular Vein with no External Jugular Vein. Each was sub-classified as Typical or Atypical based on its final drainage pattern. Cervico-facial venous variants often vary from case to case and side to side. Since external jugular and common facial veins are used for clini-cal and surgical interventions, accurate and struc-tured preoperative classification of variations may preclude intra-operative surprises and consequentcomplications.
ER  -